Questioned Document Examination( Handwriting & Signature)

This section deal with the examination of all types of Questioned documents and handwritten, type written or printed matter and computer printouts to provide an expert opinion. Comparison of questioned writing and signatures with known standard writing in order to get genuineness or authenticity of that particular signature or writing content. :- 

i. Comparison of questioned  handwritten content and signature verification with known standard writing in order to get genuineness or authenticity of that particular signature or writing content.

ii. Sequence of strokes on documents.

iii. Identification of make and model or age of the typewriter used in typing the document.

iv. Examination of print matters to identify blocks or blocks used for composing of letter types.

v. Detection of forged documents such as any kind of will, bank document, property papers, air tickets, cheques, railway tickets and currency notes (Indian and Foreign) Etc.

vi.  Deciphering erased, altered, added or obliterated writings.

vii. Deciphering indented writings to compare with disguised and forged handwritings.

viii. Identifications of tracing and tracing method, charred or secret writings. 

Fingerprint is a unique characteristic of a person for his/ her individualization like DNA.   

Fingerprints are the impression of an area of friction ridge skin left upon a surface. While the ridge cover the entire palmar surface, it is on the end of the fingers and thumbs, or distal phalanges, where the most commonly encountered patterns will appear. These patterns are used in the process of classifying, searching and filing. Although impression left by an individual, may be from any area of the palmar surfaces, the distal phalanges are the one that are commonly observed. Visualizing, collection and analysis of a finger mark left on a surface is somewhat more complex. 

This section carries out the extraction, preservation and analysis of the data from Mobile device using advanced software and techniques, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of that particular device for legal and investigative purposes, which involves retrieving the data and information including  Deleted call logs, Texts messages, Application data,  Location data and Browsing history, Images, video and documents and  Social media activity. 

Discover all the files on subject system, which includes existing normal files, deleted yet remaining files, hidden files, etc., Recover all the deleted files, Access the contents of protected or encrypted files, Print out an overall analysis of that device or system as well as listing all possible relevant file and discovered file data, Provide expert opinion or testimony. 

 Hard Disk & Storage Device Data Recovery: - It carries out the retrieving data from the damaged devices using advanced software’s which involves Data Recovery,  Hard drive Recovery, and  CCTV Footage Recovery.  

Like all other types of digital medias can also be recovered by us for your personal puposes as well as court testimony.

 In Audio or Voice analysis, evolution in spectrographic analysis and related method and tool which include, evidence handling, critical listening, magnetic development, waveform analysis, spectrum analysis, tape enhancement and speed correction. A graphical representation is made so as to illustrate the patterns of frequency, intensity, pitch and inflection. Voice identification is used to identify or eliminate individual talkers based upon listening and spectrographic comparison of recorded materials. Transcript can be reviewed for clarification of disputed conversations. To distinguish original recordings from copies, to identify equipment used to make recordings and to detect intended or untended alterations such as physical or electronic edits, erasures and over-recordings.

 In Video Analysis, video tape enhancement and authentication is used to enhance photographs and real time or time-lapse video recordings for the purpose of improving identification of people and other physical objects recorded. Video tapes can also be examined for possible editing and signs of alterations. 

We are also dealing with the Audio transcription cases, that carries out the translation of conversation of different languages.

Audio Transcription carries out the translation of the Sample audio or call recording to the concerned languages such as English, Hindi, Punjabi, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu and Telugu. Voice identification is used to identify or eliminate individual talkers based upon listening and spectrographic comparison of recorded materials. Transcript can be reviewed for clarification of disputed conversations. To detect intended or untended alterations such as physical or electronic edits, erasures and over-recordings. Enhance speech intelligibility to clarify identification of “near” and “far” voices and analyze non- speech sound important to civil and criminal cases. 

A Theft/Robbery case investigation starts with the securing and processing the crime scene for evidence such as Fingerprints, DNA and witness. Followed by interviewing the suspects and witnesses separately to obtain accurate and unbiased statements. If CCTV footage is available or not, if available, investigator look for CCTV and any kind of alteration or tampering has been made or not in the CCTV footage? And check the CCTV footage from location and nearby areas, as well as house to house enquires to gathered more informations about the incident. Photography of the crime scene is must. While Photography, overall, medium-range and close up view should be captured of the crime scene and evidences. Collection of fingerprints can be done by using powder methods and adhesive tape lifting method. AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification system) helps in theft investigation by linking fingerprints found multiple at crime scene. AFIS is a biometric identification system that stores and processes fingerprint data using digital devices. AFIS is the advanced technology for fingerprint identification system. 

 PCC is a Police Clearance Certificate, which is a certified document that has been issued by the state police department, which states that a person has no criminal record or has not involved under any investigation for criminal case. For immigration, the applicant first need to apply for the PCC to the relevant country of an origin. An agency or service provider will take the rolled and plain fingerprints on official fingerprint card such as FBI’s FD 258 for US and C216C for Canada and these fingerprints then submitted to the respective country authority, such as FBI or RCMP (the Royal Canadian Mounted Police), then criminal background has been check against their database, then agency provide you a report stating if the person has a criminal record or not, later, issued to the applicant for immigration Purposes. AFIS works for PCC by capturing digitally individual’s fingerprint on specialized card such as FD 258, taking out unique features called minutia, which are ridge ending, bifurcations, dot, etc. and by comparing these minutiae characters against the database of known prints using algorithms to generate a match. If fingerprint match, the AFIS confirms the individual’s identity for the PCC application. AFIS is a biometric identification system that stores and processes fingerprint data using digital devices. AFIS is the advanced technology for fingerprint identification system. 

 Medico-legal aspects such as to demonstrate- The nature of death, whether it is Suicidal, Natural, Homicidal and Accidental, Cause of death, Mode of death & Time and manner of death. Identification of the death crime scene, whether it is genuine or fake? Identification of unknown dead bodies from its race, age, sex, height, stature, deformity and community, evaluation of injuries and wound such as gunshot wound, entry and exit wound, Incised or lacerated, fatal or non- fatal, simple or grievous, burns, corrosive or caused by lightening. To provide symptoms of Poisoning and nature of consumed by the deceased, whether body part cutting is ante mortem or postmortem, and to demonstrate linkage between human organs; whether belongs to the same individual.  

Ballistics deals with examination of firearm, ammunition, firing mechanism, gunshot injuries and wounds, shotgun ballistics, Gun Powders and GSR (Gunshot residue) and test firing which includes range of firing, etc.  Firearm is a device that launches a projectile at a particular velocity through barrel resulting expansion of gases from a burning propellant. Ammunition is any material that is fired or detonated from the weapon or weapon system, which include bullets, explosives like bombs. Firing mechanism can be done manually or automatically. For an example, a dead body was found at the crime scene. Then, forensic pathologist will look for nature, cause and manner of the death? Whether any injury present or not? If present, whether it belong to blunt or sharp object or firearm injury or not? An entry or exit wound? Post mortem or ante-mortem injuries? Fired from the alleged firearm or not?  

Crime Scene Investigation carries out the systematic process of searching, documenting, collecting, preserving and analysis of forensic evidence from the crime scene to aid in solving criminal cases, involving forensic expert who use their specialized techniques, equipment’s and photograph to ensure the evidence is secure and remain admissible in the court of law. It involve the collection of physical evidence (such as, fingerprint, footprint, fibers and debris from fire or explosion), biological evidence (such as, DNA, semen, saliva and other body fluids) and Digital Evidence (such as, computers, mobile devices and networks).

Fire and Arson investigation starts with fire itself, to create and sustain a fire, three factors are known as Fire triangles that consist of Oxygen, a fuel source and heat. Most common type of Arson is a fire set in an attempt to collect insurance money. Arson investigation occurs in a different ways than the usual criminal investigation. The arson investigator act swiftly in conducting interviews because fire may destroy much of the physical evidence making witnesses all that much more important. A combination of interviews, background information and physical evidence used to determine the whether the fire is the result of arson or not? 

Private investigation and detective services involve investigation into person on the instruction of private person or organization for legal purposes. It is a kind of surveillance work for client as per request. Their role is to gather accurate and reliable information and providing the evidence related to that information. They verified personal and professional histories, criminal record if any and financial backgrounds. 

 Expert Opinion should be précised, clear or logical manner in simple and easily understandable words, He should ensure that correct techniques and methods have been used to reach an Opinion. Expert opinion is reliable and based upon scientific and technical findings. Hypothesis has no place in expert’s witness; hence result, must be properly and cautiously ne interpreted, expert has to test the hypothesis by further investigation, leading to a scientific conclusion. Relevancy is the essential quality of the Expert’s witness, out of several examinations, only those which are legally admissible and strictly relevant to the case eventually emerge reliable. The forensic expert and his reports is always helpful to the court of law for the administration of justice because he provide more reliable indication of the forces at play than merely the statement of witnesses which may contradict  from time to time. As saying goes ”Men can lie but the fact does not”. Hence, the importance of forensic scientist in the administration of justice need not be over-stressed.   

We CLARIVUE FORENSICS supply Forensic kits including-

1. PPE kit

2. Evidence bag & container for collecting and preserving for small evidence.

3. Audiotape reorder

4. Crime scene barricade tape & Traffic cones 

5. Hand Magnifier 

6. Crime scene investigation kit

7. Fingerprint investigation kit

8. First – aid kit

9. Blood collection kit

10. Semen detection kit

11. Narcotic detection kit

12. Gunshot analysis kit

13. Arson investigation kit

Apart from the services we give to our clients, many Trainings and Internships are also conducted by us for the students as well as professionals.

Training and Internship programs gives you the major exposure in all the fields of forensics including Documentation, Cyber, Handwriting, Mortuary visit, Court visit, Court proceedings, Fingerprinting and many more. 

You can contact us through Email or Whatsapp for more details.